A suboccipital craniotomy is a surgical approach that allows a surgeon to access a specific area within the base of the skull. A person may have this surgery if they have a tumor or another issue ...

A supratentorial craniotomy is a surgery that involves temporarily removing a piece of bone in the skull to allow access to the brain. A person may have this surgery to treat tumors, bleeding, or ...

To test complex brain functions during neurosurgical procedures, surgeons must operate on awake, locally anesthetized patients. This allows surgeons to interact with them and test how their ...

The Nature Index 2026 Research Leaders reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural sciences, health sciences, applied sciences and social sciences, according to their ...