Practical limits on the size of most probabilistic models require that probability distributions be approximated by a few representative values and associated probabilities. This paper demonstrates ...

Introduction to probability, random processes and basic statistical methods to address the random nature of signals and systems that engineers analyze, characterize and apply in their designs. It ...

A continuous r. v. can only hypothetically assume any value on a continuum. When only an approximating discrete r. v. ("discretization") is observable, estimation procedures employing the hypothetical ...