Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. But not all particles are like the electron. For some of them, even ...

The universe has cooked up all sorts of bizarre and beautiful forms of matter, from blazing stars to purring cats, out of just three basic ingredients. Electrons and two types of quarks, dubbed “up” ...

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

What Are Atmospheric Aerosols Exactly Aerosols refer to fine solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, where ...

What is our Universe made out of? At a fundamental level, to the best of our knowledge, the answer is simple: particles and fields. The type of matter that makes up humans, Earth, and all the stars, ...

From mysterious dark matter to the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei, the past 12 months have reiterated just how strange particle physics can be. When you purchase through links on our site, we may ...

The pandemic has made the world keenly aware that the biggest threats to public health often come in small packages. Individual virus particles, called virions, are too small to be seen without a high ...

The physicists who came to our presentation at the 2010 Neutrino conference in Athens, Greece, probably expected us to put to rest a controversial finding from a decade prior. Instead we left them in ...

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It has been thought of as many things: a pointlike object, an excitation of a field, a speck of pure math that has cut into reality. But never has physicists’ conception of a particle changed more ...