USB Type-C PD 3.0 Specification, Charging and Design - EDN
WEBJun 25, 2021 — The first one—Power Delivery 2.0—supports fixed output voltages including 5, 9, 12, 15, or 20V at specific operating currents, for example 3 A. The second specification—PD 3.0—includes programmable power supply (PPS), a feature that allows the USB Type-C charger’s output voltage to be adjusted in increments as small as 20 …
Setup and Hold Time Basics - EDN
WEBApr 19, 2012 — Hold time is defined as the minimum amount of time after the clock’s active edge during which data must be stable. Violation in this case may cause incorrect data to be latched, which is known as a hold violation. Note that setup and hold time is measured with respect to the active clock edge only.
Setup and Hold Time Equations and Formulas - EDN
WEBAug 10, 2012 — Hence to fulfill the setup time requirement, the formula should be like the following. T c2q + T comb + T setup≤ T clk + T skew (1) Let’s have a look at the timing diagram below to have a better understanding of the setup and hold time. Figure 2 Setup and hold timing diagram. Now, to avoid the hold violation at the launching flop, the data ...
A guide to using FETs for voltage controlled circuits, Part 1
WEBOct 13, 2017 — The answer is yes (e.g., VCR11), but it turns out that virtually any other FET (e.g., JFET and MOSFET) can be used as a voltage controlled resistor. Basic voltage controlled resistor (VCR) circuits. One of the simplest uses of a voltage controlled resistor is an electronically controlled attenuator or “volume control”.
Eye Diagram Basics: Reading, Analyzing and Applying
WEBDec 16, 2011 — An eye diagram is a common indicator of the quality of signals in high-speed digital transmissions. An oscilloscope generates an eye diagram by overlaying sweeps of different segments of a long data stream driven by a master clock. The triggering edge may be positive or negative, but the displayed pulse that appears after a delay period may go ...
Parametric on-chip variation: A step towards accurate timing analysis
WEBAug 7, 2019 — To model these parameter variations, a few engineers came up with the on-chip variation (OCV) model. The concept of OCV was first introduced in technology nodes above 90nm. The fundamental idea behind OCV is to apply global derates on the whole design irrespective of the type of cells, its individual variation or its slew-load conditions.
Equalization Techniques: CTLE, DFE, FFE, and Crosstalk - EDN
WEBOct 21, 2015 — DFE (decision feedback equalization) uses a decision circuit as part of its feedback loop. CTLE technology doesn’t change for PAM4 signaling. Tx FFE doesn’t change in principle, though with four different symbol levels, it changes in practice. But with four distinct “decisions” to feed back to the decision circuit, DFE differs for PAM4.
Understanding grounding, shielding, and guarding in high ... - EDN
WEBFebruary 15, 2013. by James Niemann. Comment 1. Advertisement. Inadequate shielding and bad grounding are often blamed when measurements are inaccurate, especially in high-impedance applications. In fact, shielding and grounding problems are frequently responsible for measurement errors, but many test system developers aren’t quite sure …
Audio levels, dBu, dBV, and the gang: What you need to know
WEBApr 18, 2017 — Here’s what you need to know. First off, you need to know that I expended significant effort to avoid naming this article “ dB or not dB, that is the question ”. But seriously: The vast majority of line-level analog audio interfaces fall into two categories: Advertisement. Unbalanced, using “RCA” connectors, at a so-called “-10dBV ...
The basics of automotive cluster device architectures and ... - EDN
WEBDec 1, 2014 — Core: The core is part of real-time application domain of the device. It is mainly used to run AUTOSAR applications such as basic a communication driver, PWM driver, handling and servicing of various peripherals etc. The high bandwidth motor control application driver can also be controlled through this core.
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